Pimples develop due to involvement of two structures,

1. Pores through which the hair emerge
2. Sebaceous gland

Skin is a continuously multiplying structure with dead layers at the top. The dead skin cells become stickier in this condition, and blocks the pores. The oiliness of the skin is due to a substance produced by the sebaceous glands, called as 'sebum'. The blockage of the pores prevents the flow of sebum. Bacteria normally present on the skin infect the stagnated sebum. It then decomposes the sebum into chemicals, which in turn lead to inflammation, redness, pus formation and pain.

• Patient should avoid excessive sun exposure.
• Sun-screens should be used regularly & in appropriate amount

Complications are very rare following LHR. Those among reported are

• Pain and discomfort
• Vesiculation and local crusting
• Secondary infection
• Hyperpigmentation
• Paradoxical increase in hair growth

Human skin color is primarily due to the presence of melanin in the skin. Skin color ranges from almost black to white with a pinkish tinge due to blood vessels underneath.

Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes that are lodged in the bottom layer of epidermis.

Skin color ranges from almost black to white with a pinkish tinge due to blood vessels underneath. [1] Variation in natural skin color is mainly due to genetics.

The natural skin color can be darkened as a result of tanning due to exposure to sunlight.

Other causes of pigmentation include Melasma Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation,Freckles Lentigines
(photographs of melasma, PIH, freckles/lentigenes) .

Melasma is a common skin disorder. Though it can affect anyone, women with darker skin tones (especially Hispanic, Asian, Indian, and Middle Eastern) are at greatest risk. Melasma can be associated with the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. It is especially common in pregnant women, women who are taking oral contraceptives, and women taking hormone replacement therapy during menopause.

Sun exposure is strongly associated with melasma.

Scar is a mark left on the skin after a surface injury or wound has healed. Scar revision is performed to reduce the appearance of scars caused by injury or previous surgery. While many scars fade over time and eventually transform to become barely noticeable, many patients experience disruptions to the healing process that cause scars to become red, raised, indented or otherwise deformed.Many patients are unhappy and embarrassed by the appearance of these scars, especially when they are located in prominent areas, and seek treatment to improve them. At DISHA SKIN AND LASER INSTITUTE We provide comprehensive scar revision services to help patients achieve smooth, clear skin that they no longer have to be embarrassed of.

There are several different types of scars that may be sustained, depending on the type and severity of the injury, as well as the patient's age, overall health and individual healing properties.

Hypertrophic scars are red, raised scars filled with excessive amounts of collagen that may be itchy or slightly painful, although they are considered harmless and do not grow beyond the boundaries of the initial wound.

Keloids are overgrown areas of scar tissue that appear as irregularly-shaped, raised, pink or red areas that may continue to grow over time. While they can occur anywhere on the body, they are most common on the face, neck, ears, chest or shoulders.

Contractures are more severe scars that restrict movement as a result of the tissue in the area pulling together during the healing process. This type of scar most commonly occurs after large amounts of tissue loss or in wounds that occur on a joint.

Laser scar revision has become a popular treatment for many varieties of superficial scarring. This includes acne scarring and chicken pox scars.

The most popular laser type used for scar revision is the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Lasers work by essentially burning the top layers of skin to a specific depth. The skin then heals replacing the burned layers with newer appearing skin. Recently a new type of laser called fractional laser has become available at DISHA SKIN AND LASER INSTITITUTE and this is safer than conventional lasers.

Skin rejuvenation is a treatment to improve the texture, clarity and overall appearance of your skin. Conditions that addressed during skin rejuvenation include

• Static wrinkles: These wrinkles are visible at all times and do not change in appearance with facial movements.
• Dynamic wrinkles: These are expression lines that may appear as folds when the skin is not moving, and deepen with facial movements or expressions.
• Pigmentation: Freckles, sun spots, melasma, or other darkened patches of skin result mainly from sun exposure.
• Scars: As the result of acne or injury to the skin, scars may be rolling (a wavy appearance to the skin), pitted, discolored, or have raised borders.
• Vascular conditions: Blood vessels visible on the surface of the skin, vascular lesions that appear as tiny blood filled blisters or even a constant flush of facial redness.
• Loss of skin tone: Weakening of the supportive skin structure (collagen and elastin fibers) that results in a loss of skin firmness, or the development of cellulite.

It is basically a strategy of reversing ageing process by using a variety of treatment modalities

A variety of modifiable and non modifiable factors lead to early ageing of skin. These include:

• Exposure to sun, wind, excessive heat and cold.
• Chemical and biological pollution.
• Hormonal changes, depleted collagen production, thinning of the skin due to free radical damage, and slacked facial ligaments.
• Improper daily habits in terms of skincare, diet, exercise, and cigarette smoking.
• Medical conditions including skin disorders, acne, and chicken pox, which may produce scarring.
• Miscellaneous physiological functions can produce freckling pigmentation spots (lentigos), dry spots (keratoses), broken capillaries, and hyperpigmentation from hormonal changes (which may be induced by pregnancy or birth control medications).
• Genetics

The modalities for facial rejuvenation at DISHA are

• Chemical peeling
• Dermaroller tretment
• Microdermabrasion
• Laser peels
• Soft tissue fillers
• Botox

After sometime a tattoo may become unwanted and require removal. The easiet method of removal is by a Q switched Nd:YAG laser.

Laser Tatoo removal is done by using Q switched Nd:YAG laser beams that reacts with the ink in the tattoo and breaks it down. The broken down ink is then absorbed by the body, mimicking the natural fading that time or sunexposure would create. All tattoo pigments have specific light absorption spectra. Certain tattoo pigment such as yellows, green and fluorescent inks is more challenging to treat than darker black and blue. These pigments are difficult to treat because their absorption spectra fall outside or on the edge of the emission spectra available in the tattoo removal laser.